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VMware + Debian 11 Bullseye

准备工作

  1. VMware[果核]

  2. Debian

创建安装Debain的虚拟机

  1. 打开虚拟软件VMware -> 创建新的虚拟机

  2. 类型配置 -> 自定义(高级)

  3. 硬件兼容性 -> 默认

  4. 安装客户机操作系统 -> 稍后安装操作系统

  5. 选择客户机操作系统

    • 客户机操作系统 -> Linux `
    • 版本 -> Debian 11.x64 位

  6. 命名虚拟机名称

    • 虚拟机名称 -> 自定义
    • 虚拟机位置 -> 自定义

  7. 处理器配置 -> 自定义

  8. 内存配置 -> 自定义

  9. 网络配置 -> 使用桥接网络

  10. 选择I/O控制器类型 -> LSILogic(L)

  11. 选择磁盘类型 -> SCSI(S)

  12. 磁盘 -> 创建新虚拟磁盘

  13. 指定磁盘大小

    • 最大磁盘大小 -> 20GB (自定义)
    • 将虚拟磁盘存储为单个文件

  14. 选择磁盘存储位置 -> 自定义

  15. 配置自定义硬件

    • CD/DVD -> 使用ISO映像文件 -> 选择Debian镜像

安装Debian

  1. Debian GNU/Linux instatller menu (BISO mode) -> Graphical install

  2. Select a language -> 中文(简体)

  3. 地区 -> 中国

  4. 硬盘映射 -> 汉语

  5. 主机名 -> 自定义

  6. 配置域名 -> 留空

  7. root用户设置登录密码 -> 自定义

  8. 创建普通用户&密码 -> 自定义

  9. 磁盘分区方法 -> 向导 - 使用整个磁盘

  10. 选择需要分区的磁盘 -> 默认

  11. 磁盘分区方案 -> 将所有文件放在一个分区中(推荐新手使用)

  12. 结束分区设定并将修改写入磁盘

  13. 将改动写入磁盘 -> 是

  14. 扫描额外的安装介质 -> 否

  15. Debian仓库镜像所在的国家 -> 中国

  16. Debian仓库镜像 -> mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn (清华)

  17. 代理 -> 留空

  18. 参加软件包流行度调查 -> 否

  19. 软件选择 (最小化安装仅选择基础系统与SSH即可)

    • SSH server
    • 标准系统工具

  20. 安装GRUB启动引导器 -> 是

  21. 安装启动引导器设备 -> /dev/sda

    #查看系统信息
    cat /etc/os-release 

    #查看所有开机自启动项
    systemctl list-unit-files --type=service | grep enabled

Debian 11 (bullseye) 国内软件源

  • 修改/etc/apt/sources.list文件

    国内常见镜像站点 
    #阿里云镜像站 
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib

    #清华大学镜像站
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free

    #腾讯云镜像站
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free

    #网易镜像站 
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib

    #华为镜像站 
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib

  • 修改之后再运行apt update更新索引

Debian Linux root用户启用SSH登录

  1. 要首先配置SSH服务器。

    • 安装完成后SSH服务默认开启
    • 手动启动： 
      systemctl start ssh.service

  2. 切换用户

    1. 先由普通用户登录Debian服务器，su root切换到root用户 
          #安装vim
    apt-get install vim

  3. 利用vim打开并修改/etc/ssh/sshd_config文件

    • 将PermitRootLogin设置为yes, PasswordAuthentication设置为yes即可，:wq保存退出即可

  4. 重启SSH服务器

        /etc/init.d/ssh restart

参考资料：